{"id":5220,"date":"2025-03-28T11:38:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T11:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/?p=5220"},"modified":"2025-03-28T12:57:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T12:57:00","slug":"zakladne-otazky-a-odpovede-slintacka-a-krivacka-na-uzemi-sr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/?p=5220","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a odpovede \u2013 slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka na \u00fazem\u00ed SR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co je Slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka<\/strong>?
\nSlinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka, alebo aj aft\u00f3zna hor\u00fa\u010dka, je vysoko n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 v\u00edrusov\u00e9 ochorenie zvierat. Postihuje najm\u00e4 hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok, kozy, ovce, o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9, ale aj vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00facu raticov\u00fa zver a in\u00e9 p\u00e1rnokopytn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Ide o novodob\u00fd v\u00edrus?
\n<\/strong>V\u00edrus slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky je jedn\u00fdm z najmen\u0161\u00edch a najodolnej\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych v\u00edrusov, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my u\u017e od roku 1898. Je mimoriadne stabiln\u00fd a ve\u013emi \u00fa\u010dinne sa \u0161\u00edri.<\/p>\n

Ako sa prejavuje?
\n<\/strong>Inkuba\u010dn\u00fa doba v\u00edrusu je 7 a\u017e 14 dn\u00ed, u hov\u00e4dzieho dobytka b\u00fdva krat\u0161ia.<\/strong> Medzi prv\u00e9 prejavy patr\u00ed pokles produkcie mlieka, potom zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota, p\u013euzgiere a afty v \u00fastnej dutine, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa slintanie. P\u013euzgiere a vredy sa objavuj\u00fa aj v oblasti vemena a v oblasti paznechtu, teda \u201ekopyta\u201c, kde sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa kr\u00edvanie. Zvierat\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku bolesti str\u00e1caj\u00fa chu\u0165 do jedla, hmotnos\u0165 a b\u00fdvaj\u00fa utiahnut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00ed ma\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 vn\u00edmav\u00e9 zviera pr\u00edznaky?
\n<\/strong>Nie, ak sa v\u0161ak nach\u00e1dza v bl\u00edzkosti nakazen\u00fdch zvierat \u2013 v okruhu 3 km od ohniska n\u00e1kazy, mus\u00ed sa prevent\u00edvne utrati\u0165. Zvierat\u00e1 s\u00fa infek\u010dn\u00e9 a \u0161\u00edria v\u00edrus e\u0161te pred prepuknut\u00edm pr\u00edznakov.<\/p>\n

Je n\u00e1kaza smrte\u013en\u00e1?
\n<\/strong>Pre dospel\u00fdch jedincov v dobrej kond\u00edcii n\u00e1kaza nie je smrte\u013en\u00e1, hor\u0161ie s\u00fa na tom ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1. Ke\u010f\u017ee ide o vysoko n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 ochorenie, chovy sa cel\u00e9 zlikviduj\u00fa, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo \u010fal\u0161iemu \u0161\u00edreniu.<\/p>\n

Ako sa v\u00edrus pren\u00e1\u0161a?
\n<\/strong>Priamym kontaktom medzi infikovan\u00fdmi zvieratami, kontaminovan\u00fdm krmivom, vodou, podstielkou, senom, kontaminovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi, oble\u010den\u00edm a najm\u00e4 obuvou person\u00e1lu, kontaminovan\u00fdmi automobilmi a ich s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ami. V\u00edrus sa \u0161\u00edri aj vzduchom na desiatky kilometrov a je ve\u013emi odoln\u00fd, v prostred\u00ed pre\u017e\u00edva ve\u013emi dlho.<\/p>\n

\u010co je naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob prenosu?<\/strong>
\nPriamy kontakt medzi zvieratami, ale aj obuv person\u00e1lu. V\u00edrus je mimoriadne odoln\u00fd a pre\u017eitiaschopn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00edri sa v\u00edrus aj vzduchom?
\n<\/strong>V\u00edrus sa \u0161\u00edri aj vzduchom, vetrom, a to na desiatky kilometrov.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je n\u00e1kaza tak\u00e1 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1?
\n<\/strong>M\u00e1 extr\u00e9mne ekonomick\u00e9 dopady, obnova chovov trv\u00e1 roky.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee sa \u010dlovek nakazi\u0165 slinta\u010dkou a kr\u00edva\u010dkou? Ak \u00e1no, ako?
\n<\/strong>Vo ve\u013emi ojedinel\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00edrusom nakazi\u0165 aj \u010dlovek v z\u00e1vislosti od kond\u00edcie jeho imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Priebeh v\u0161ak b\u00fdva mierny, takmer nebadate\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eu sa nakazi\u0165 psy, ma\u010dky, zajace, hydina, kone?
\n<\/strong>Pre psov, ma\u010dky, kone, zajace \u010di hydinu v\u00edrus slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky nepredstavuje zdravotn\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 \u010dlovek zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m ak by vypil mlieko od kravy nakazenej slinta\u010dkou a kr\u00edva\u010dkou? Ak \u00e1no, ak\u00fd?
\n<\/strong>\u010cerstv\u00e9 mlieko od kravy, ovce \u010di kozy v ak\u00fatnej f\u00e1ze n\u00e1kazy b\u00fdva zrazen\u00e9 a chu\u0165ovo nevhodn\u00e9 na konzum\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Chr\u00e1ni pasteriz\u00e1cia mlieka pred n\u00e1kazou \u010dloveka?
\n<\/strong>Konzum\u00e1cia tepelne o\u0161etren\u00e9ho (pasterizovan\u00e9ho) mlieka nepredstavuje zdravotn\u00e9 riziko. V\u00fdrobky z pasterizovan\u00e9ho mlieka ako s\u00fa jogurt, su\u0161en\u00e9 mlieko \u010di doj\u010densk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva, s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mohol by \u010dlovek ochorie\u0165, ak zje m\u00e4so z takto nakazen\u00e9ho zviera\u0165a?
\n<\/strong>Konzum\u00e1cia tepelne upraven\u00e9ho m\u00e4sa nepredstavuje pre \u010dloveka riziko.<\/p>\n

Je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 u\u017e len samotn\u00e9 pribl\u00ed\u017eenie alebo dotyk tak\u00e9hoto zviera\u0165a?
\n<\/strong>Pre vn\u00edmav\u00e9 zviera \u00e1no, n\u00e1kaza sa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo a \u013eahko pren\u00e1\u0161a. \u013dudia, psy \u010di ma\u010dky sa nenakazia, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fa pre vn\u00edmav\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1, lebo m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00edrus pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky by mohol ma\u0165 \u010dlovek, na ktor\u00e9ho by tento v\u00edrus v nejakej forme (aspo\u0148 nepriamo) pre\u0161iel?
\n<\/strong>V absol\u00fatnej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine n\u00e1kaza prejde bez pov\u0161imnutia, v\u00fdnimo\u010dne vriedkami na jazyku a aftami na sliznici \u00fast.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e1 je v takom pr\u00edpade lie\u010dba?
\n<\/strong>Lie\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edva len v tlmen\u00ed pr\u00edznakov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161ak minim\u00e1lne, preto nie je potrebn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ak doma chov\u00e1m dom\u00e1ce zviera nem\u00e1m jes\u0165 m\u00e4so z neho ani pi\u0165 jeho mlieko, ke\u010f je na Slovensku pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka?
\n<\/strong>Tepeln\u00e1 \u00faprava m\u00e4sa a mlieka ni\u010d\u00ed v\u00edrus a zabezpe\u010duje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 potrav\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Je zak\u00e1zan\u00fd prevoz v\u0161etk\u00fdch zvierat? Nem\u00f4\u017eem cestova\u0165 so psom?
\n<\/strong>V r\u00e1mci mimoriadnych n\u00fadzov\u00fdch opatren\u00ed je z\u00e1kaz premiest\u0148ova\u0165 vn\u00edmav\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 \u2013 hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok, kozy, ovce a o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9 a in\u00e9 p\u00e1rnokopytn\u00edky v r\u00e1mci celej SR. Psy aj ma\u010dky cestova\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eu. \u017div\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017eu premiest\u0148ova\u0165 cez hrani\u010dn\u00e9 priechody s Ma\u010farskom.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eem \u00eds\u0165 nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 so psom rodinu, ktor\u00e1 b\u00fdva pri epicentre n\u00e1kazy?
\n<\/strong>\u00c1no, hoci pre zastavenie \u0161\u00edrenia v\u00edrusu je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 minimalizova\u0165 pohyb.<\/p>\n

Existuje o\u010dkovanie a sl\u00fa\u017ei ako prevencia pred kr\u00edva\u010dkou a slinta\u010dkou?
\n<\/strong>Nie. Vakc\u00edna sl\u00fa\u017ei len na zn\u00ed\u017eenie vylu\u010dovania v\u00edrusu slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky u zvierat, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e s v\u00edrusom pri\u0161li do kontaktu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa musia v\u0161etky vn\u00edmav\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 utrati\u0165?
\n<\/strong>Aby n\u00e1kazu ne\u0161\u00edrili. Ide o vn\u00edmav\u00e9 druhy zvierat v ohnisk\u00e1ch n\u00e1kazy, ako aj v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch chovoch na z\u00e1klade pos\u00fadenia epizootologick\u00e9ho rizika.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1kazu pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aj divo \u017eij\u00face zvierat\u00e1?
\n<\/strong>Aj divo \u017eij\u00face p\u00e1rnokopytn\u00edky \u2013 jelene, srnky \u010di mufl\u00f3ny – b\u00fdvaj\u00fa pren\u00e1\u0161a\u010dmi v\u00edrusu, hoci im nesp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Aby v\u00edrus nerozn\u00e1\u0161ali, je podstatn\u00e9 ich v lesoch nevyru\u0161ova\u0165.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1 sa vstupova\u0165 na farmy \u2013 do chovov?
\n<\/strong>V ohnisk\u00e1ch n\u00e1kazy je \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz vstupu nepovolan\u00fdch os\u00f4b, pri\u010dom v\u0161etky osoby, n\u00e1stroje a automobily musia prejs\u0165 pred v\u00fdjazdom pr\u00edsne dezinfikovan\u00e9 a prejs\u0165 aj dezinfek\u010dnou br\u00e1nou alebo brodom. Prevent\u00edvny z\u00e1kaz vstupu pre nepovolan\u00e9 osoby plat\u00ed na v\u0161etky chovy vn\u00edmav\u00fdch zvierat v r\u00e1mci SR, zavret\u00e9 musia by\u0165 aj ZOO, cirkusy a nesm\u00fa sa organizova\u0165 hromadn\u00e9 akcie zvierat.<\/p>\n

Ako m\u00e1 vyzera\u0165 dezinfek\u010dn\u00fd brod?
\n<\/strong>D\u013a\u017eka minim\u00e1lne 5 m \u2013 aby sa v \u0148om obr\u00e1tili aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 koles\u00e1 traktora a h\u013abka cca 20 cm, ide\u00e1lne na cel\u00fa \u0161\u00edrku vchodu. Ak nie je mo\u017en\u00fd brod, prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa sa aj dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9 vane, pr\u00edpadne do\u010dasn\u00e9 brody \u2013 nepriepustn\u00e1 f\u00f3lia s molitanom alebo vrstvou pil\u00edn nasiaknut\u00fdmi dezinfek\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u00edpravkom. Roztok je potrebn\u00e9 udr\u017eiava\u0165 v predp\u00edsanej koncentr\u00e1cii za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po\u010dasia.<\/p>\n

Kedy a ako sa v\u00edrus dostal k n\u00e1m?
\n<\/strong>Prv\u00fd pr\u00edpad slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky u n\u00e1s potvrdili testy 21. marca 2025 na troch farm\u00e1ch na juhu Slovenska.<\/p>\n

Maj\u00fa v\u00fdznam z\u00e1kazy a nariadenia, ak sa v\u00edrus \u0161\u00edri vzduchom?
\n<\/strong>Ak sa bud\u00fa striktne dodr\u017eiava\u0165 vydan\u00e9 nariadenia, bude to obrovsk\u00e1 pomoc, aby sa n\u00e1kaza ne\u0161\u00edrila \u010falej. Pri ka\u017edej n\u00e1kaze zohr\u00e1va discipl\u00edna najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161iu rolu. Jedin\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom boja proti n\u00e1kaze je pr\u00edsna karant\u00e9na, izola\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia a, bohu\u017eia\u013e, aj utr\u00e1canie cel\u00fdch chovov.<\/p>\n

Bli\u017e\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky<\/strong> na \u00fazem\u00ed SR spolu s mimoriadnymi n\u00fadzov\u00fdmi opatreniami n\u00e1jdete na webovom s\u00eddle Ministerstva p\u00f4dohospod\u00e1rstva a rozvoja vidieka SR<\/span><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010co je Slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka? Slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka, alebo aj aft\u00f3zna hor\u00fa\u010dka, je vysoko n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 v\u00edrusov\u00e9 ochorenie zvierat. Postihuje najm\u00e4 hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok, kozy, ovce, o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9, ale aj vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00facu raticov\u00fa zver a in\u00e9 p\u00e1rnokopytn\u00edky. Ide o novodob\u00fd v\u00edrus? V\u00edrus slinta\u010dky a kr\u00edva\u010dky je jedn\u00fdm z najmen\u0161\u00edch a najodolnej\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych… \u010c\u00edtaj viac Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a odpovede \u2013 slinta\u010dka a kr\u00edva\u010dka na \u00fazem\u00ed SR<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5220"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5220\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reserves.gov.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}